Types of verbs in Telugu

 Before going to learn the types of sentences, it is essential to learn about types of verbs. There are mainly two types of verbs in Telugu. They are Samaapaka kriya (సమాపక క్రియ) and Asamaapaka kriya (అసమాపక క్రియ).

Samaapaka kriya is used to denote the completion of the work or action, and Asamaapaka kriya is used to reveal the incompletion of work and action.

Unlike English, Telugu sentences usually end with a verb. In other words, in English, the sentence follows the pattern of a subject, verb, and object, whereas, in Telugu, it is subject, object, and verb.

Example sentence:

Ø  Ramu goes to school. = రాము స్కూల్ కు వెళ్తాడు. (Raamuschoolkuvelthaadu.)

In the above sentences, you can observe that the Telugu sentence ends with a verb, whereas it is in the middle in English.

So, if the work or action is completed, the verb is known as Samaapaka kriya, and if it is incomplete, it is known as Asamaapaka kriya.

Example sentence:

Ø  Sita reads the lesson. = సీత పాఠం చదువుతుంది. (Sita Paatamchadhuvuthundhi.)

In the above sentence, the verb is Samaapaka kriya since the action of the reading lesson is completed.

Ø  Sita goes to market for bringing vegetables. = సీత కూరగాయలు తీసుకు రావడానికి, మార్కెట్ కు వెళ్ళింది. (Sita kooragaayalutheesukuraavadaaniki, marketkuvellindhi.)

In the above sentence, the verb ‘bring’ is Asamaapaka kriya (తీసుకు రావడానికి – theesukuraavadaaniki) as the action is incomplete and another verb ‘go’ is Samaapaka kriya (వెళ్ళింది - vellindhi) as the work is complete.

Based on the types of verbs, different forms of verbs are there. That means different forms of Samaapaka kriya and Asamaapaka kriya are there. You will learn about them later. But, in this lesson, you will learn about the types of sentences.

There are three types of sentences based on the structure of a sentence. They are simple (saamaanya- సామాన్య), compound (samyukta- సంయుక్త) and complex (samshlishta- సంశ్లిష్ట).

Simple sentence contains one Samaapaka kriya.

Ø  Ex: He goes to market. = అతను మార్కెట్ కు వెళ్తాడు. (Athanumarketkuvelthaadu.)

In the above sentence, there is only one verb, which indicates the completed action.

Compound sentence consists of two or more Samaapakakriyalu.

Ø  Ex: She goes to Chennai and participates in the seminar. = ఆమె చెన్నైకి వెళ్తుంది మరియు సెమినార్లో పాల్గొంటుంది.

In the above sentence, two sentenceshave two verbs that are joined with ‘and.’Both the verbs reveal the completed action.

Some words that are used in compound sentences are as follows:

Ø  Mariyu(మరియు) – and

Ø  Kaani(కాని) – but

Ø  Endhukamte(ఎందుకంటే) – because, as

Ø  Appatinumdi(అప్పటి నుండి) – since

Ø  Kabatti(కాబట్టి / కనుక) – so

Ø  Andhukani(అందుకని) – hence

Ø  Andhuvalana(అందువలన) – therefore

These words are used to join two or more sentences.

Complex sentence consists of many Asamaapakakriyalu and one Samaapaka kriya.

Ø  Ex: Ramu goes to school, reads lessons and returns home. రాము స్కూల్ కు వెళ్ళి, పాఠాలు చదివి, ఇంటికి వస్తాడు. (Raamuschoolkuvelli, paataaluchadhivi, intikivasthaadu.)

In the above sentence, two verbs indicate the incomplete action and one verb, which shows the completed action.

You will learn about other types of sentences in the next lesson